Cambridge researchers have observed a highly unusual behaviour in the endangered freshwater mussel, Unio crassus.
Cambridge researchers have observed a highly unusual behaviour in the endangered freshwater mussel, Unio crassus.
Who'd have thought that a mussel, that doesn't even have a head or a brain, knows to move to the river margin and squirt jets of water back into the river during springtime?
David Aldridge
In spring, female mussels were seen moving to the water鈥檚 edge and anchoring into the riverbed, with their back ends raised above the waterline.
Then they squirted out regular water jets, which landed in the water up to a metre away. Squirting cycles lasted 3-6 hours.
This behaviour has never been seen in any other mussel species.
探花直播jets disturb the river surface and attract fish. Mussel larvae in the jets can then attach to the gills of the fish and complete their metamorphosis into adults.
鈥淲ho'd have thought that a mussel, that doesn't even have a head or a brain, knows to move to the river margin and squirt jets of water back into the river during springtime? It鈥檚 amazing!鈥 said Professor David Aldridge in the 探花直播 of Cambridge鈥檚 Department of Zoology, lead author of the report in the journal Ecology.
Unlike other mussel species, Unio crassus has a limited range of suitable host fishes 鈥 including minnows and chub. These species were attracted to the falling water jets.
探花直播researchers think the mussels squirt water jets to increase the chances of their larvae attaching to the right host fishes. By being squirted into the air and not the water, the larvae are propelled greater distances from the parent mussel.
探花直播study was carried out during spring in the Bia艂a Tarnowska River, Poland. Six squirts were collected from each mussel for analysis 鈥 which confirmed that they contained viable mussel larvae.
Before now, there was only anecdotal evidence of this behaviour. Some scientists thought the water jets might be a way for the mussels to expel faeces.
This behaviour could explain why Unio crassus is an endangered species. Climbing out of the water to squirt makes it vulnerable to floods, destruction of river margins, and predators like mink. And its need for specific host fishes links its survival to theirs.
Understanding how this species completes its life cycle is important for its conservation under changing environmental conditions.
Reference
Aldridge, D C et al: Fishing for hosts: larval spurting by the endangered thick-shelled river mussel, Unio crassus. Ecology, March 2023. DOI:听10.1002/ECY.4026听
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