Wine glass size may influence how much you drink in restaurants

cjb250 — Fri, 28 Feb 2020 00:12:06 +0000

Alcohol is the fifth largest contributor to early death in high income countries and the seventh world-wide. One proposed way of reducing the amount of alcohol consumed is to reduce the size of wine glasses, though until now the evidence supporting such a move has been inconclusive and often contradictory.

Wine glasses have increased in size almost seven-fold over the last 300 years with the most marked increase being a doubling in size since 1990. Over the past three centuries, the amount of wine consumed in England has more than quadrupled, although the number of wine consumers stayed constant. Wine sales in bars and restaurants are either of fixed serving sizes when sold by the glass, or 鈥� particularly in restaurants 鈥� sold by the bottle or carafe for free-pouring by customers or staff.

A preliminary study carried out by researchers at the Behaviour and Health Research Unit, 探花直播 of Cambridge, suggested that serving wine in larger wine glasses 鈥� while keeping the measure the same 鈥� led to a significant increase in the amount of wine sold.

To provide a robust estimate of the effect size of wine glass size on sales 鈥� a proxy for consumption 鈥� the Cambridge team did a 鈥榤ega-analysis鈥� that brought together all of their previously published datasets from studies carried out between 2015 and 2018 at bars and restaurants in Cambridge. 探花直播team used 300ml glasses as the reference level against which to compare differences in consumption.

In restaurants, when glass size was increased to 370ml, wine sales increased by 7.3%. Reducing the glass size to 250ml led to a drop of 9.6%, although confidence intervals (the range of values within which the researchers can be fairly certain their true value lies) make this figure uncertain. Curiously, increasing the glass size further to 450ml made no difference compared to using 300ml glasses.

鈥淧ouring wine from a bottle or a carafe, as happens for most wine sold in restaurants, allows people to pour more than a standard serving size, and this effect may increase with the size of the glass and the bottle,鈥� explained first author Dr Mark Pilling. 鈥淚f these larger portions are still perceived to be 鈥榓 glass鈥�, then we would expect people to buy and consume more wine with larger glasses.

鈥淎s glass sizes of 300ml and 370ml are commonly used in restaurants and bars, drinkers may not have noticed the difference and still assumed they were pouring a standard serving. When smaller glass sizes of 250ml are available, they may also appear similar to 300ml glasses but result in a smaller amount of wine being poured. In contrast, very large glasses, such as the 450ml glasses, are more obviously larger, so drinkers may have taken conscious measures to reduce how much they drink, such as drinking more slowly or pouring with greater caution.鈥�

探花直播researchers also found similar internal patterns to those reported in previous studies, namely lower sales of wine on warmer days and much higher sales on Fridays and Saturdays than on Mondays.

探花直播researchers found no significant differences in wine sales by glass size in bars 鈥� in contrast to the team鈥檚 earlier study. This shows the importance of replicating research to increase our ability to detect the effects of wine glass size. When combined with data from other experiments, the apparent effect in bars disappeared.

鈥淚f we are serious about tackling the negative effects of drinking alcohol, then we will need to understand the factors that influence how much we consume,鈥� added senior author Professor Dame Theresa Marteau. 鈥淕iven our findings, regulating wine glass size is one option that might be considered for inclusion in local licensing regulations for reducing drinking outside the home.鈥�

Professor聽Ashley聽Adamson, Director of the NIHR School of Public Health Research, said: 鈥淲e all like to think we're immune to subtle influences on our behaviour 鈥� like the size of a wine glass 鈥� but research like this clearly shows we're not.聽

"This important work helps us聽understand how the small, everyday details of our lives affect our behaviours and so our health. Evidence like this can shape policies that聽would聽make it easier for everyone to be a bit healthier聽without even having to think about it.鈥澛� 聽

Clive Henn, Senior Alcohol Advisor at Public Health England, welcomed the report: 鈥淭his interesting study suggests a new alcohol policy approach by looking at how the size of wine glasses may influence how much we drink. It shows how our drinking environment can impact on the way we drink and help us to understand how to develop a drinking environment which helps us to drink less.鈥�

探花直播study received additional funding from Wellcome.

Reference
Pilling, M, Clarke N, Pechey R, Hollands GJ, Marteau TM. 探花直播effect of wine glass size on volume of wine sold: A mega-analysis of studies in bars and restaurants. Addiction; 28 Feb 2020; DOI: 10.1111/add.14998

探花直播size of glass used for serving wine can influence the amount of wine drunk, suggests new research from the 探花直播 of Cambridge, funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR). 探花直播study found that when restaurants served wine in 370ml rather than 300ml glasses they sold more wine, and tended to sell less when they used 250ml glasses. These effects were not seen in bars.

If we are serious about tackling the negative effects of drinking alcohol, then we will need to understand the factors that influence how much we consume... Regulating wine glass size is one option that might be considered for inclusion in local licensing regulations for reducing drinking outside the home

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Wine glass size may influence how much you drink in restaurants